Method of and apparatus for recording halftone image

ABSTRACT

An image scanner for producing a halftone image is provided with a halftone signal generator which generates an exposure signal (S) for controlling the exposure duration of a laser beam (L) which beam is focused on a photosensitive material. The halftone signal generator is so constructed that image data (N) is compared with a threshold data (screen pattern data) for each elementary area and the exposure duration for each elementary area is determined mainly according to a difference between the image data and the threshold data. Some of the elementary areas are partially exposed, to an extent which depends on the exposure duration.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to technique for substantially improving gradation reproducibility of a halftone image by partially exposing each elementary area which serves as a unit for a value of screen pattern data.

2. Description of the Prior Art

In an apparatus for recording a halftone image such as a graphic arts scanner of the electronic control type, halftone dots are produced by exposing a photosensitive material while turning an optical exposure beam on and off in response to the result of comparison between an image signal to a prescribed screen pattern signal. The screen pattern signal is generated on the basis of screen pattern data prepared in advance.

As is well known in the art, the screen pattern data express threshold values for respective small areas A_(p) within a halftone dot HD illustrated in FIG. 1. The small areas A_(p) (hereinafter referred to as "elementary areas") are formed by dividing the halftone dot HD into a matrix of elementary areas. FIG. 2 illustrates screen pattern data prepared for the halftone dot HD and stored in a memory. Numerals in this figure represent data values P assigned to respective elementary areas A_(p). Referring to FIG. 1, shaded areas have respective screen pattern data P which are at most 12, whereby the shaded areas are exposed with an optical exposure beam when an image signal having a value of 12 is supplied for the halftone dot HD.

The size of the elementary area A_(p) is determined according to a spot diameter d of the optical exposure beam focused on the photosensitive material. In more concrete terms, the size of the elementary areas A_(p) is so determined that a value of the spot diameter d is in the range from about "a" (hereinafter referred to as "elementary area size") of one side of each elementary area A_(p) to about twice of "a". It is to be noted that the spot diameter d is assumed to be equal to the diameter of a circle inscribed in the elementary area A_(p) in the drawing, for convenience of illustration.

Adjudgement is made as to whether the optical exposure beam is turned on or off for every scanning advance corresponding to the spot diameter d, whereby the intensity of the optical beam is changed in response to the result of the judgement. In the conventional method of recording a halftone image, therefore, a spatial interval which is a unit of the intensity change of the optical beam is limited to integral multiples of the elementary area size a.

Thus, when the relation (1) specified below holds for a square halftone dot having a screen pitch K, a gradation number M defined by the equation (2) (below) is the upper limit of number of levels for gradation expression:

    K=na                                                       (1)

    M=(K/a).sup.2 =n.sup.2                                     ( 2)

where n is an integer.

In order to increase the gradation number M, therefore, it is necessary to increase (K/a) in the equation (2). In a scanner of a flat bed type, however, the focal length of an image forming lens in a recording optical system is rather long in order to obtain a desired scanning length. Thus, the spot diameter d of the optical exposure beam cannot be reduced to a desired degree in the flat-bed type scanner. For example, providing a spot diameter of about ten to twenty micrometers poses significant technical difficulties and an inordinate increase in cost. Consequently, it is unavoidable in the flat-bed type scanner that the elementary area size a is relatively increased and the gradation number M is reduced, as is evident from the equation (2).

Also, in a drum type scanner which can employ relatively small valved spot diameter d (and the elementary area size a as the result), the gradation number M is small if the screen pitch K is small.

Thus, in the conventional apparatus for recording a halftone image, the gradation number M remains small when the ratio of the screen pitch K to the elementary area size a cannot be substantially increased, whereby gradation reproducibility of the image remains rather poor.

Even if the spot diameter d of the optical exposure beam can be reduced, the amount of the screen pattern data must be increased in order to increase the gradation number M, and hence a capacity of a screen pattern memory must be increased, which causes a considerable increase in cost.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to a method of and an apparatus therefore for producing a halftone image comprising a plurality of halftone dots on a photosensitive material, a full region of one halftone dot being divided into a plurality of unit areas. The method comprises the steps of: (a) preparing image data expressing the density for each unit area on an image plane, (b) preparing threshold data for each unit area on the image plane, (c) comparing the image data with the threshold data for each unit area on the image plane, thereby designating each unit area as a full-exposure area to be entirely exposed, a semi-exposure area to be partially exposed or as a non-exposed area not to be exposed at all, and (d) exposing unit areas on the photosensitive material corresponding to the full-exposure area and the semi-exposure area on the image plane, thereby producing the halftone image, where a ratio of a exposed portion in the semi-exposure area to the entirety of one unit area is determined on the basis of the difference between the image data and the threshold data for the semi-exposure area.

Preferably, the photosensitive material is exposed with a light beam which scan the halftone image at a prescribed speed, and the size of the exposed portion of the semi-exposure area is controlled by adjusting exposure time in the semi-exposure area in proportion to the ratio.

The threshold data may be formed as a set of threshold values assigned for respective unit areas included in the full region of one halftone dot, where the threshold values are arranged into an arithmetic sequence of numbers having a prescribed numerical interval.

The image data and the threshold data may be a digital data consisting of a same number of bits.

According to an aspect of the present invention, the step (c) further comprises the step of: (c-1) finding which of the image data and the threshold data is larger, to thereby designate the unit area as the non-exposure area or as an exposure area to be exposed, (c-2) finding a value substantially expressing the difference between the image data and the threshold data for each unit area, and (c-3) designating the exposure area as the full-exposure area when the difference is outside a prescribed range, or as the semi-exposure area when the difference is within the prescribed range.

The exposed portion of the semi-exposure area may contact a boundary between the semi-exposure area and a neighbor unit area neighboring the semi-exposure area, where the neighbor unit area corresponds to the exposure area.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method of and an apparatus for recording a halftone image, where gradation reproducibility of a recorded image is substantially improved without reducing the ratio of a screen pitch to a spot diameter of an optical exposure beam and without increasing the capacity of a screen pattern memory.

These and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the present invention when taken in conjuction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a halftone dot;

FIGS. 2 and 3 are diagrams showing screen pattern data for the halftone dot;

FIGS. 4A to 4D illustrate processing corresponding to several exposure conditions for a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 5A to 5D, 6A to 6D, 7A-7D and 9 are diagrams which schematically show methods of exposure according to the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing an apparatus according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 11A, 11B, 12 and 13A to 13C are block diagrams showing the internal structure of a halftone dot generater in the embodiment of the present invention; and

FIGS. 14, 15A to 15C and 16 are timing charts showing the operation of the embodiment of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The basic idea of the present invention will be first described with reference to some examples.

As to exposed portions (shown as shaded areas) of a halftone dot HD shown in FIG. 1, elementary area (or pixel) A_(p) thereof is exposed when a value of screen pattern data P for the elementary area A_(p) is not greater than a value of an image data N, as shown in the following equation (3):

Exposure condition:

    P≦N                                                 (3)

For the purpose of simplification, it is assumed that both the screen pattern data P and the image data N are 8-bit digital signals and the screen pattern data P are set as shown in FIG. 3 for the halftone dot HD. In other words, the image data N, which express the density for each elementary area, are within a range of zero to 255 in decimal notation, and can express 256 gradation levels. On the other hand, one halftone dot HD has 16 elementary areas (or pixels) A_(p), and the screen pattern data P discriminates only 16 gradation levels, although it is expressed in 8-bit data words.

An i-th bit value of the image data N, where i is an integer, is expressed as n_(i). The image data N, more significant bit data (MSBD) N_(u) and less significant bit data (LSBD) N₁ are defined as follows in binary notation:

    N=n.sub.8 n.sub.7 n.sub.6 n.sub.5 n.sub.4 n.sub.3 n.sub.2 n.sub.1(4)

    N.sub.u =n.sub.8 n.sub.7 n.sub.6 n.sub.5 0000              (5)

    N.sub.1 =0000n.sub.4 n.sub.3 n.sub.2 n.sub.1               (6)

where n₁ through n₈ represent a 1 or a 0: as the case may be

The MSBD N_(u) is obtained by neglecting four low significant bits of the image data N and the LSBD N₁ is composed of only the four least significant bits.

The number of effective bits (=4) of the MSBD N_(u) is determined so that the MSBD N_(u) can express the number of gradation levels (2⁴ =16) which is identical to the number of levels of the screen pattern data P. The LSBD N₁ is obtained by subtracting the MSBD N_(u) from the image data N.

When either of the following conditions holds for the elementary area A_(p) in which the exposure condition expressed by the equation (3) is satisfied, only a portion of the elementary area A_(p) is exposed:

Divisional Exposure Condition C-1:

    P=N.sub.u +1 and N≦240                              (7)

Divisional Exposure Condition C-2:

    P=N.sub.u +1 and 240<N≦255                          (8)

In the equations (7) and (8), the values of the screen pattern data P, the image data N and the MSBD N_(u) are supposed to be expressed in decimal numbers; The part of the elementary areas A_(p) which is to be exposed is decided in accordance with the LSBD N. One elementary area A_(p) is divided into unit portions to be exposed on a controlled discriminatively basis. The number of the unit portions is referred to as "dividing number D".

The relation among the image data N, the screen pattern data P, the gradation number M and the dividing number D will be described below.

Assuming that G_(N) represents the gradation number (or number of gradation levels) of the image data N, the dividing number D of the elementary area A_(p) is so decided that the following relation holds between the halftone dot gradation number M and the dividing number D:

    G.sub.N =M×D                                         (9)

G_(N) =256, M=16 and D=16 in the above example.

The number of digit of MSBD N_(u) are so determined that it can express the same gradation number (=2⁴) as the halftone dot gradation number M. Therefore, the gradation number G_(N) of the image data N can be expressed by a combination of the halftone dot gradation number M and the dividing number D if the dividing number D corresponds to the gradation number (=2⁴) of the LSBD N₁. The screen pattern data P are threshold values for classifying all the image data N into a certain number of groups, which number is identical to the halftone dot gradation number M.

For example, Table 1 shows the screen pattern data P of FIG. 3, expressed in both decimal and binary numbers.

                  TABLE 1                                                          ______________________________________                                         Screen Pattern Data P                                                          Decimal Number  Binary Number                                                  ______________________________________                                          1              0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1                                                17              0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1                                                33              0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1                                                .               .                                                              .               .                                                              .               .                                                              241             1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1                                                ______________________________________                                    

The screen pattern data P are expressed in eight bits, as are the image data N, and obtained by adding "1" to respective fifth bit values (least significant bit values within the four more significant bit values) in binary notation. The least significant bits of the screen pattern data P are regularly "1" and the second to fourth bit values are regularly "0".

As the result of such structure of a screen pattern data P, at least one screen pattern data P is present, in which the equality in the equation (7) or (8) holds for any image data N.

FIGS. 4A to 4D are diagrams which processing in each case of the two divisional exposure conditions C-1 and C-2. In the following description, it is assumed that the screen pattern data P, the image data N, MSBD N_(u) and the LSBD N₁ are expressed in decimal numbers.

In the case of N=5, an elementary area A₁ (see FIG. 3) is subjected to exposure, because the exposure condition of the equation (3) is met for the elementary area A₁. Since N_(u) +1=1 in this case, the divisional exposure condition C-1 (above equation (7)) is also met for the elementary area A₁. FIG. 4A is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 3, for illustrating the state of divisional exposure of the elementary area A₁. As shown in FIG. 4A, the elementary area A₁ is divided into 16 (the dividing number D=16) along a main scanning direction y, to be exposed stepwise, in steps of N₁ /16. When the image data N is 5, the LSBD N₁ is also 5. Therefore, only a portion A₁ (5) which is 5/16 of the elementary area A₁ is exposed as shown as shaded area with slanting lines in FIG. 4A.

FIG. 4B shows the case of N=15. N_(u) +1=1 holds also in this case, and hence divisional, i.e. stepwise or partial, exposure is performed on the elementary area A₁, as above. As shown by shaded area with slanting lines in FIG. 4B, only a portion A₁ (15) which is 15/16 of the elementary area A₁ is exposed.

Also in the case of N=16, the elementary area A₁ is subjected to exposure because the condition called for by equation (3) is met. However, the equation (7) is not satisfied because N_(u) +1=17, and hence divisional exposure is not performed on the elementary area A₁, but the same is entirely exposed. Other elementary areas other than the elementary area A₁ are not exposed since the equation (3) does not hold for them. Looking at it differently an, elementary area A₁₇ is subjected to divisional exposure because N_(u) +1=17, and it is exposed at the rate of 0/16 because N₁ =0.

FIG. 4C shows the case of N=17. In this case the elementary areas A₁ and A₁₇ are subjected to exposure, because the equation (3) is satisfied there. The elementary area A₁₇ is partially exposed because N_(u) +1=17, while the elementary area A₁ is entirely exposed. A portion A₁₇ (1) which is 1/16 of the elementary area A₁₇ is exposed as shown in FIG. 4C, because N₁ =1.

FIG. 4D shows the case of N=32. In this case, the elementary areas A₁ and A₁₇ are subjected to exposure according to the equation (3), and no partial exposure is performed because N_(u) +1=33. Thus, the elementary areas A₁ and A₁₇ are entirely exposed as shown in FIG. 4D.

As described above, whether or not each elementary area A_(p) is subjected to exposure is determined on the basis of the exposure condition of the equation (3). Further, the elementary areas to be partially exposed (hereinafter referred to as "divisional exposure areas") are determined on the basis of the divisional exposure condition C-1 of the equation (7), while the rate of exposure is determined by the LSBD N₁. As the result, the size of exposed areas is increased in proportion to the image data N, whereby the reproduction gradation number becomes identical to the gradation number of the image data N.

Sequence of processing along the conditions of the equations (3) and (7) may be inverted. That is, judgement may be first made as to whether or not divisional exposure is preformed along the condition of the equation (7) with the image data N, whereby a portion of an elementary area to be partially exposed is determined by the LSBD N₁. Then, judgement may be made on the other elementary areas not to be so exposed as to whether or not the same are entirely exposed according to the condition of the equation (3). For example, the elementary area A₁ is partially exposed when N=0, since N_(u) +1=1. However, the rate of exposure is 0/16 since N =0, and hence the elementary area A₁ is not exposed as a result. Thus, the same result is obtained whichever condition of the equations (3) and (7) is considered first.

In the case of the divisional exposure condition C-1, the image data N and the screen pattern data P are compared to each other with respect to the elementary areas A₁ to A₂₂₅ in the halftone dot HD as hereinabove described, whereby some portions of the respective elementary areas are exposed. Further, it is desirable that the exposed portions are linked with the exposed portions of adjacent elementary areas, in order to form a halftone dot of excellent quality. Therefore, the position of an exposed portion in a partial exposure area is decided in consideration of exposure states of adjacent elementary areas, as follows:

FIGS. 5A to 5D are explanatory diagrams illustrating a method of deciding the position of an exposed portion of a divisional exposure area. Referring to FIG. 5A, symbols B_(m-1) and B_(m+1) denote boundaries between a divisional exposure area A_(m) and two elementary areas A_(m-1) and A_(m+1) which are adjacent to it along the main scanning direction y, respectively. There are four combinations of exposure states for respective elementary areas A_(m-1) and A_(m+1). The exposed portion of the divisional exposure area A_(m) is located at either of the boundaries B_(m-1) and B_(m+1) in response to the combination, as shown in Table 2.

                  TABLE 2                                                          ______________________________________                                         Exposure State    Boundary Contacting                                          Case   A.sub.m-1  A.sub.m+1                                                                              Exposed Portion                                      ______________________________________                                         1      1          0       B.sub.m-1                                            2      1          1       B.sub.m-1                                            3      0          0       B.sub.m+1                                            4      0          1       B.sub.m+1                                            ______________________________________                                    

Referring to Table 2, the exposure state "0" indicates that the elementary area is not exposed and the exposure state "1" indicates that it is exposed. The exposure state "1" also includes divisional exposure of the elementary area. These exposure states are judged through the above equation (3), so that the exposure state "1" is selected when the equation (3) is satisfied while the exposure state "0" is selected when the equation (3) is not satisified.

When the adjacent elementary area A_(m-1) is exposed, an exposed portion (hereinafter referred to as "divisional exposure portion") A_(md) of the divisional exposure area A_(m) is formed to be in contact with the boundary B_(m-1), as shown in case 1 and case 2 of Table 2. FIGS. 5A and 5B show divisional exposure states corresponding to the case 1 and the case 2, respectively.

FIGS. 6A to 6D shows the states of divisional exposure corresponding to the case 1 and the case 2 in detail. FIGS. 6A to 6D correspond to the cases where the less significant bit data (LSBD) N₁ are 1, 8, 10 and 15, respectively. When the LSBD N₁ is increased, the divisional exposure portion A_(md) is increased in the direction (+y) from the boundary B_(m-1). Thus, the divisional exposure portion A_(md) is exposed to normally contact the adjacent elementary area A_(m+1) in the case 1 and the case 2 of Table 2. This condition is hereafter referred to as "divisional exposure condition C-1a".

When the adjacent elementary area A_(m-1) is not exposed as shown in the case 3 and the case 4 in Table 2, on the other hand, the divisional exposure portion A_(md) is formed to be in contact with the boundary B_(m+1). FIGS. 5C and 5D show divisional exposure states in the case 3 and the case 4, respectively.

FIGS. 7A to 7D shows the states of divisional exposure of the case 3 and the case 4 in detail. FIGS. 7A to 7D correspond to the cases where the LSBD N₁ are 1, 8, 10 and 15, respectively. When the LSBD N₁ is increased, the divisional exposure portion A_(md) is increased in the direction (-y) from the boundary B_(m+1). Thus, the divisional exposure portion A_(md) is exposed to normally contact the adjacent elementary area A_(m+1) in the case 3 and the case 4 of Table 2. This condition is hereafter referred to as "divisional exposure condition C-1b".

As described above the divisional exposure portion A_(md) is linked with the exposed portion of the elementary area which is adjacent to the divisional exposure area A_(m) by performing divisional exposure in accordance with the divisional exposure condition C-1a or C-1b, thereby to form a halftone dot of excellent configuration, in the regions where exposed portions contact each other.

The divisional exposure condition C-2 expressed by the equation (8) denotes the case where the image data N are in a range of 240<N(d)≦255 and is independently treated. The image data N of this range designates an elementary area A₂₄₁ to be exposed, while the number of gradation levels of the image data N (=241 to 255) in this range is 15, unlike to the gradation number 16 of the image data N corresponding to other elementary areas. Thus, the image data N in the range (N=241 to 255) is treated differently from to those in other ranges in performing divisional exposure.

Consider the case where the dividing number of the elementary area A₂₄₁ is 16, as in the other elementary areas. FIG. 8 is an explanatory, enlarged diagram showing the elementary area A₂₄₁, divided into 16. The LSBD N₁ corresponding to the maximum value N_(max) (=255) of the image data N is 15. Hence the elementary area A₂₄₁ is exposed only at the rate of 15/16 in response to the maximum value N_(max) when divisional exposure is performed similarly to the divisional exposure condition C-1. A problem is therefore presented because the halftone area rate is not 100% even for the maximum value N_(max).

In order to solve this problem, (N₁ +1)/16 of the elementary area A₂₄₁ is exposed in response to the LSBD N₁ when the divisional exposure condition C-2 holds. When N=241, i.e., N₁ =1, for example, a portion A₂₄₁ (2), which is 2/16 of the elementary area A₂₄₁, is divisionally exposed, as shown in FIG. 8. Thus, the entire elementary area A₂₄₁ is exposed when N=255.

FIG. 10 shows the structure of a graphic arts scanner of a flat bed type in which the present invention can be incorporated.

Referring to FIG. 10, digital image data N including image information to be recorded are inputted in a halftone signal generator 1, the structure of which will be described in detail. The halftone signal generator 1 generates an exposure signal S on the basis of the digital image data N which is inputted into the generator for every elementary area, sequentially along scanning lines. The exposure signal S controls formation of halftone dots. A microcomputer 2 responsible for operational control is connected to the halftone signal generator 1. The microcomputer 2 includes a CPU 3 and a memory 4, and is connected to a keyboard 5 for inputting control parameters.

A laser beam L is generated in a laser oscillator 7, which serves as a light source for an exposure beam. The laser beam L is modulated in an acoustic optical modulator (AOM) 8 in response to the exposure signal S, then introduced into a beam expander 14. A laser beam L outputted from the beam expander 14 reaches a galvano mirror (or polygonal rotating mirror) 15 by which it is deflected for producing of an object. The beam L is focused onto the surface of a photosensitive material 17 through an fθ lens 16.

The laser beam L is periodically and repeatedly moved in a direction Y in response to vibration of the galvano mirror 15, or rotation of the polygonal rotating mirror provided in place of the galvano mirror 15, to thereby move along a main scanning direction. The photosensitive material 17 is moved in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the figure, to thereby move along a subscanning direction. Consequently, the photosensitive material 17 is scanned and exposed along the main scanning and subscanning directions, whereby a halftone image corresponding to the digital image data N is recorded on the photosensitive material 17.

In this apparatus, partial exposure of elementary areas is controlled as follows, for example. FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing exposure control of the divisional exposure portion A_(md). Referring to FIG. 9, scanning of an optical exposure beam is made along the main scanning direction y, in order to expose the divisional exposure portion A_(md) in the elementary area A_(m) within the elementary areas A_(m-1) to A_(m+1). The main scanning direction y is horizontal in this figure, for convenience of illustration. An exposure signal S assumes an ON state during an interval between times t_(b) and t_(c), at which a center O of the optical exposure beam reaches respective ends of the divisional exposure portion A_(md). As a result, the divisional exposure portion A_(md) is photosensitized by receiving light in an amount exceeding critical exposure of the photosensitive material, while other portions are not photosensitized. The optical exposure beam is thus controlled to form a recording image in which the divisional exposure portion A_(md) as a part of the elementary area A_(m) is photosensitized. Although the shape of the photosensitized area is not actually completely rectangular as shown in FIG. 9, from a practical standpoint exposure of the divisional exposure poriton A_(md) is substantially achieved because the interval for keeping the exposure beam at an ON state is proportional to the photosensitized area.

In order to expose the entire elementary area A_(m), an ON state is maintained during an interval between times t_(a) and t_(c), at which the center O of the optical exposure beam reaches respective positions of the boundaries B_(m-1) and B_(m+1).

Now, the structure and operation of the halftone signal generator 1 will be described in more detail.

FIGS. 11A and 11B illustrate the internal structure of the halftone signal generator 1. Referring to FIG. 11A, the digital image data N inputted sequentially for respective elementary areas are supplied each of comparators 41 and 42 and an adder 31.

The screen pattern data P for respective elementary areas are also sequentially inputted in the comparator 41 from a screen pattern memory 30. The screen pattern data P are outputted from the screen pattern memory 30 in synchronism with a first clock signal φ₁, which is inputted into the memory 30. The first clock signal φ₁ has a cycle (one clock cycle) which corresponds to the width a (see FIG. 1) of the image, and the image data N are also inputted into the halftone signal generator 1 in synchronism with the first clock signal φ₁. Thus, the image data N and the screen pattern data P are synchronously and sequentially inputted into the comparator 41 for respective elementary areas.

The comparator 41 compares the values of the image data N to the screen pattern data P, to generate a signal S₄₁ which has a "1" level when P≦N and a "0" level when N<P. In other words, the comparator 41 judges whether or not the exposure condition of the equation (3) is satisfied, and outputs a "1" level signal when it is satisfied.

This output signal S₄₁ is sequentially latched by D flip-flops 51 and 54 on the leading edge of the first clock signal φ₁. Namely, the output signal S₅₄ of the flip-flop 54 is the same as the output signal S₅₁ of the flip-flop 51 but is delayed by one clock cycle. Assuming that symbols S₅₁ (m) and S₅₄ (m) represent the signals S₅₁ and S₅₄ relating to an m-th elementary area A_(m) in general, the flip-flop 54 latches a signal S₅₄ (m-1) relating to an (m-1)-th elementary area at the time when the flip-flop 51 latches the signal S₅₁ (m) relating to the m-th elementary area A_(m).

As the result, the output signals S₅₁ (m) and S₅₄ (m) relating to the image data N of the m-th elementary area A_(m) are formed as follows: ##EQU1##

The comparator 42 outputs a signal S₄₂, which becomes a "1" when the image data N satisfies the relation of 240<N and a "0" when N≦240. In other words, the comparator 42 determines which one of the divisional exposure conditions C-1 and C-2 (see the above equations (7) and (8)) applicable.

This output signal S₄₂ is latched in the flip-flop 52 in synchronism with the first clock signal φ₁, to become a signal S₅₂ which is synchronous with the output signal S₅₁ of the flip-flop 51. Therefore, an output signal S₅₂ (m) relating to the image data N of the m-th elementary area A_(m) is formed as follows: ##EQU2##

The adder 31 generates a signal S₃₁, which is obtained by adding "1" to the MSBD N_(u) of the image data N, and this output signal S₃₁ is supplied to the comparator 43. The screen pattern data P from the screen pattern memory 30 are inputted into the comparator 43, to be compared with the signal S₃₁. An output signal S₄₃ of the comparator is "1" when P=N_(u) +1 holds. In other words, the comparator 43 judges whether or not either of the divisional exposure condition C-1 or C-2 holds.

The output signal S₄₃ is latched in the flip-flop 53 in synchronism with the first clock signal φ₁, to become a signal S₅₃ which is synchronous with the signals S₅₁ and S₅₂. Therefore, an output signal S₅₃ (m) with respect to the image data N of the m-th elementary area A_(m) is formed as follows: ##EQU3##

The output signals S₅₂, S₅₃ and S₅₄ thus obtained are inputted in three AND gates 71, 72 and 73 in the following manner, whereby divisional exposure areas are detected and the exposure condition is evaluated:

First, the signals S₅₃ and S₅₄ and an inverted signal S₅₂ of the signal S₅₂ obtained in an inverter 65 are inputted in the AND gate 71. Assuming that the signals S₅₂ and S₅₃ are signals S₅₂ (m) and S₅₃ (m) with respect to the m-th elementary area A_(m) respectively, the signal S₅₄ which is synchronous with them is a signal S₅₄ (m-1) for the elementary area A_(m-1).

Therefore, from the equations (10) to (12), an output signal S₇₁ of the AND gate 71 assumes a "1" level under the following conditions: ##EQU4## In other words, the AND gate 71 outputs the signal S₇₁ at a "1" level when the elementary area A_(m) satisfies the divisional exposure condition C-1a (the case 1 or 2 in Table 2).

Similarly, the signals S₅₂ and S₅₃, and an inverted signal S₅₄ of the signal S₅₄ obtained in an inverter 64 are inputted in the AND gate 72, and hence an output signal S₇₂ thereof becomes a "1" level under the following condition: ##EQU5## In other words, the AND gate 72 outputs the signal S₇₂ of a "1" level when the elementary area A_(m) satisfies the divisional exposure condition C-1b (the case 3 or 4 in Table 2).

The signals S₅₂ and S₅₃ are inputted in the AND gate 73, and hence an output signal S₇₃ thereof attains a "1" level under the following condition: ##EQU6## In other words, the AND gate 73 outputs the signal S₇₃ at a "1" level when the elementary area A_(m) satisfies the divisional exposure condition C-2.

As can be understood from the above description, the adder 31, the comparators 41 to 43, the flip-flops 51 to 54, the inverters 64 and 65, the AND gates 71 to 73, etc. form comparator means for comparing the image data N with the screen pattern data P with respect to the elementary area A_(m) while generating a signal for divisional exposure indicating that the elementary area A_(m) is to be subjected to divisional exposure when any one of the conditions of the equations (13) to (15) holds.

Next, the judging operation of the divisional exposure conditions through the comparator means will be described in more detail.

FIG. 14 is a timing chart showing the judging operation of the divisional exposure conditions performed by the AND gate 71. The figure is related to processing executed on the column of the elementary areas including the elementary area A₁ shown in FIG. 3. Referring to FIG. 14, the screen pattern data P and the image data N relating to respective elementary areas are inputted within a cycle T₁, in synchronism with the leading edge of the first clock signal φ₁. That is, the image data N and the screen pattern data P are inputted with respect to an elementary area A₆₅ during an interval between times t₀ and t₁, with respect to the elementary area A₁ during an interval between times t₁ and t₂, with respect to an elementary area A₁₇ during an interval between times t₂ and t₃ and with respect to an elementary area A₁₄₅ during an interval between times t₃ and t₄, respectively.

The output signal S₄₁ from the comparator 41 becomes a "1" when P≦N, and a "0" when N<P. In the example shown in FIG. 14, therefore, the signal S₄₁ is at a "1" level with respect to the elementary areas A₆₅, A₁ and A₁₇.

The signal S₅₁ is delayed by the period T₁ from the signal S₄₁, and the signal S₅₄ is further delayed by T₁ from the signal S₅₁.

The output signal S₄₃ from the comparator 43 becomes a "1" level when P=N_(u) +1. The relation between the screen pattern data P and (N_(u) +1) is shown in the lower part of FIG. 14, where P=N_(u) +1 holds only when P=1 and N=14. Therefore, the signal S₄₃ is at a "1" level with respect to the elementary area A₁ during the interval between the times t₁ and t₂. The output signal S₅₃ from the flip-flop 53, which is delayed by one cycle T₁ from the signal S₄₃, becomes a "1" level during the interval between the times t₂ and t₃.

The output signal S₄₂ from the comparator 42, which signal is not shown in FIG. 14, is maintained at a "0" level during the interval between the times t₀ and t₄ since the image data N are not more than 240. Thus, the inverted signal S₅₂ of the output from the flip-flop 52 is maintained at a "1" level.

These signals S₅₂, S₅₃ and S₅₄ are inputted in the AND gate 71, whose output signal S₇₁ attains a "1" level only during the interval between the times t₂ and t₃. In other words, the signal S₇₁ is at a "1" level since the divisional exposure condition C-1a expressed by the above equation (13) holds for the elementary area A₁. It is to be noted that A_(m) =A₁ and A_(m-1) =A₆₅ in the equation (13).

Operation of the AND gates 72 and 73 for detecting divisional exposure areas is similar to the timing chart shown in FIG. 14, and hence a detailed description thereof is omitted.

The signals S₇₁ to S₇₃ thus obtained are inverted in the inverters 61 to 63 shown in FIG. 11B, respectively, and supplied to a four-input AND gate 91. The output signal S₅₁ from the flip-flop 51 is also supplied to the four-input AND gate 91. Therefore, an output signal S₉₁ from the four-input AND gate 91 is "1" only when the elementary area A_(m) satisfies the exposure condition of the equation (10) while satisfying none of the divisional exposure conditions of the equations (13) to (15). In other words, the signal S₉₁ becomes a "1" when the elementary area A_(m) is entirely exposed. This signal S₉₁ is supplied to the AOM 8 as an exposure output signal S through a four-input OR gate 92.

On the other hand, a first signal generator 81 for generating the divisional exposure signal shown in FIG. 11B receives the output signal S₇₁, the LSBD N₁, a second clock signal φ₂ and a clear signal S₃₂ from a clear output circuit 32. The second clock signal φ₂ is a clock signal which is synchronous with the first clock signal φ₁ and has a frequency 16 times that of the first clock signal φ₁. The clear signal generator 32 is adapted to generate the clear signal S₃₂ which is necessary for operation of the first signal generator 81, as described later in detail.

Similarly, a second signal generator 82 receives the output signal S₇₂, the LSBD N₁, the second clock signal φ₂ and the clear signal S₃₂. A third signal generator 83 receives the output signal S₇₃, the LSBD N₁, the second clock signal φ₂ and the clear signal S₃₂.

The first to third signal generators 81 to 83 generate divisional exposure signals S₈₁ to S₈₃ in accordance with the divisional exposure conditions C-1a, C-1b and C-2 expressed in the above equations (13) to (15), respectively. The divisional exposure signals S₈₁ to S₈₃ and the signal S₉₁ are inputted in the four-input OR gate 92, so that any one which has the signals of "1" level is supplied to the AOM 8 as the exposure signal S.

The internal structure of the signal generators 81 to 83 and the operation of each in accordance with the divisional exposure condition C-1a, C-1b or C-2 will be described in more detail further on.

FIGS. 13A to 13C are block diagrams showing the internal structure of the signal generators 81 to 83. Operation of the first signal generator 81 under the divided exposure condition C-1a is now described with reference to a timing chart shown in FIG. 15A.

In the case of the divisional exposure condition C-1a, the AND gate 71 shown in FIG. 11A outputs the signal S₇₁ at a "1" level. This signal S₇₁ is supplied to an input terminal A of a shift register 81L provided in the first signal generator 81, as shown in FIG. 13A. The shift register 81L, which receives a serial input and sends a parallel output, sequentially receives the signal S₇₁ at the input terminal A and output the same at output terminals P1 to P16 as a delay signal which is synchronous with the second clock signal φ₂ received at a input terminal C.

As shown in FIG. 15A, the period T₂ of the second clock signal φ₂ is 1/16th of T₁ of the first clock signal φ₁. FIG. 15A also shows the relation between the input signal S₇₁ and an output signal S_(81L3) at an output terminal P3. Referring to FIG. 15A, the first clock signal φ₁ rises at a time t₁₀ and the signal S₇₁ simultaneously becomes a "1" level, whereby the signal S_(81L3) at the output terminal P3 becomes a "1" level at a time t₁₁ which is delayed by a period of three times T₂ (3T₂). In other words, output signals S_(81L1) to S_(81L15), which appear at respective output terminals Pn(n=1 to 15) rise in delays by periods of n times T₂ from the time t₁₀, respectively. The output signals S_(81L1) to S_(81L15) are inverted in inverters 81M1 to 81M15, respectively, to become signals S_(81M1) to S_(81M15). FIG. 15A shows only the signal S_(81M3), as an example of the foregoing.

On the other hand, the LSBD N₁ of the image data N are supplied to an input terminal B of a decoder 81N provided in the first signal generator 81. The LSBD N₁ are in the form of four-bit binary signals, and only one of signals S_(81N0) to S_(81N15) outputted from respective output terminals Y0 to Y15 attains a "1" level in accordance with the decimal value (0 to 15) of the LSBD N₁. When N₁ =3, for example, only the output signal S_(81N3) attains a "1" level while the other signals remain at a "0" level.

Three-input AND gates 81H1 to 81H15 provided in the first signal generator 81 receive signals S_(81M1) to S_(81M15), respectively, and also signals S_(81N1) to S_(81N15), respectively, while the signal S₇₁ is received by all the the three-input AND gates 81H1 to 81H15. Referring to FIG. 15A (showing the case of N₁ =3), an output signal S_(81H3) of the three-input AND gate 81H3 is at a "1" level during the interval of 3T₂ between the times t₁₀ and t₁₁. Output signals (not shown) of the remaining three-input AND gates are maintained at "0" levels. All of the output signals S_(81H1) to S_(81H15) are inputted in a 15-input OR gate 81G, which in turn generates a first divisional exposure signal S₈₁.

As hereinabove described, in the case of the divisional exposure condition C-1a, the divisional exposure signal S₈₁ is "1" during a period of N₁ times T₂ in response to the output signal S₇₁ of the AND gate 71 and the LSBD N₁ inputted in the first signal generator 81.

Since the cycle T₂ is 1/16th of the cycle T₁, the period of N₁ times T₂ in which the divisional exposure signal S₈₁ is at a "1" level is N₁ /16 of the cycle T₁. Further, the cycle T₁ corresponds to the width a of one elementary area. Comparing FIG. 15A with FIG. 9, therefore, it can be understood that the divisional exposure signal S₈₁ is an exposure signal S for controlling exposure of N₁ /16 of the elementary area A_(m) from the boundary B_(m-1) (or time t_(a)).

The clear signal S₃₂ is provided to a clear input terminal CLR of the shift register 81L, to thereby clear the shift register 81L every time the first clock signal φ₁ rises.

The internal structure of the clear signal generator 32 for generating the clear signal S₃₂ is shown in FIG. 12, while its operation is shown in FIG. 16. A flip-flop 32A provided in the clear signal generator 32 latches the value of the first clock signal φ₁ in response to the second clock signal φ₂, to produce a signal S_(32A) which is delayed by T₂ from the first clock signal φ₁. This signal S_(32A) and the first clock signal φ₁ are inputted in an exclusive OR gate 32B. An output signal S_(32B) from the exclusive OR gate 32B as well as the first and second clock signals φ₁ and φ₂ are inputted in a three-input AND gate 32C generating an inverted output. As a result, the three-input AND gate 32C outputs the clear signal S₃₂, which holds a "0" level during half the cycle T₂ every time the first clock signal φ₁ rises, as shown in FIG. 16. When the clear signal S₃₂ is inputted in the shift register 81L provided in the first signal generator 81, the shift register 81L is cleared every time the first clock signal φ₁ rises. Thus, the shift register 81L operates to process a new input signal S₇₁ at an interval of the cycle T₁ of the first clock signal φ₁.

In the case of the divisional exposure condition C-1b, the AND gate 72 shown in FIG. 11A outputs the signal S₇₂ at a "1" level. This signal S₇₂ is supplied to an input terminal A of a shift register 82L provided in the second signal generator 82 shown in FIG. 13B. The shift register 82L receives a serial input and generates a parallel output, similarly to the shift register 81L. Therefore, it outputs signals S_(82L1) to S_(82L15), which rise with delays of periods T₂ to 15T₂ from the rise time of the signal S₇₂, respectively, in synchronism with the second clock signal φ₂ supplied to its input terminal C.

FIG. 15B is a timing chart showing the operation of the second signal generator 82. Referring to FIG. 15B, the signal S_(82L3) rises with a delay of a period 3T₂ from a rise time t₂₀ of the first and second clock signals φ₁ and φ₂, and the output signal S₇₂.

A decoder 82N has a function similar to that of the decoder 81N, such that only one of signals S_(82N1) to S_(82N15), which are outputted from its output terminals Y1 to Y15, respectively, attains a "1" level in response to the decimal portion of the LSBD N of the image data N supplied to its input terminal B.

Each of two-input AND gates 82J1 to 82J15 receives a combination of one of the signals S_(82L1) to S_(82L15) and one of signals S_(82N1) to S_(82N15). It is to be noted here that the two-input AND gate 82J1 receives the signals S_(82L1) and S_(82N15) while the two-input AND gate 82J2 receives the signals S_(82L2) and S_(82L14), for example. In other words, output signals S_(82J1), S_(82J2), . . . , S_(82J15) of the respective two-input AND gates 82J1 to 82J15 correspond to the output signals S_(82L15), S_(82L14), . . . , S_(82L1) of the shift register 82L. Consequently, only one of the output signals S_(82L1) to S_(82L15) of the shift register 82L, the one which is delayed by a period of (16-N) T₂ from the signal S₇₂, maintains its logic state. The remaining output signals are all brought to "0" levels, when they are outputted from the two-input AND gates 82J1 to 82J15.

All of the output signals S_(82J1) to S_(82J15) from the respective two-input AND gates 82J1 to 82J15 thus obtained are inputted in a 15-input OR gate 82G, which in turn outputs a second divisional exposure signal S₈₂.

Referring to FIG. 15B showing the case of N₁ =13, the divisional exposure signal S₈₂ rises at a time t₂₁ which is delayed by a period 3T₂ from the rise time t₂₀ of the signal S₇₂, since (16-N₁)=3.

The shift register 82L is cleared by the clear signal S₃₂ received in its clear input terminal CLR every time the first clock signal φ₁ rises, and hence the divisional exposure signal S₈₂ is also simultaneously cleared at a time t₂₂. Therefore, shown in FIG. 15B, a period during which the divisional exposure signal S₈₂ holds "1" level is N₁ times T₂ (13T₂) in response to the decimal number of the LSBD N₁ (=13). The rate of the duration is N₁ /16 relative to the cycle T₁ of the first clock signal φ₁.

It can be, therefore, understood by comparing FIG. 15B with FIG. 9 that the divisional exposure signal S₈₂ is an exposure signal S which controls exposure from an intermediate portion of the elementary area A_(m) to the boundary B_(m+1) between the elementary areas A_(m) and A_(m+1). It is also understood that the exposed portion is N₁ /16 of the elementary area A_(m).

In the case of the divisional exposure condition C-2, the AND gate 73 shown in FIG. 11A outputs the signal S₇₃ at a "1" level. This signal S₇₃ is supplied to an input terminal A of a shift register 83L provided in the third signal generator 83 shown in FIG. 13C. The shift register 83L is similar to the shift registers 81L and 82L. However, its output terminal P1 is open and signals S_(82L2) to S_(82L16), which are delayed by periods 2T₂ to 16T₂, respectively, from the signal S₇₃, are outputted in synchronism with the second clock signal φ₂ received in its input terminal C. The signals S_(82L2) to S_(82L16) are inverted in inverters 83M1 to 83M15, respectively, to become signals S_(83M1) to S_(83M15).

FIG. 15C is a timing chart showing the operation of the third signal generator 83. Referring to FIG. 15C, the trailing end of the signal S_(83M1), which is inverted from the signal S_(83L2), is delayed by a period 2T₂ from the rise time t₃₀ of the first and second clock signals φ₁ and φ₂, and the output signal S₇₃. That is, the signal S_(83M1) is maintained at a "1" level during an interval 3T₂ between times t₃₀ and t₃₁, and falls to a "0" level at the time t₃₁.

FIG. 15C also shows the signal S_(83L16) and its inverted signal S_(83M15). Although the signal S_(83L16) should rise with a delay of a period 16T₂ from the time t₃₀, it is maintained at a "0" level until a time t₃₂ for a one cycle T₁, duration since 16T₂ =T₁. Therefore, its inverted signal S_(83M15) is maintained at a "1" level during the interval between the times t₃₀ and t₃₂.

On the other hand, a decoder 83N has a function substantially equal to that of the decoders 81N and 82N, such that only one of signals S_(83N1) to S_(83N15) outputted from respective terminals Y1 to Y15 becomes "1" in response to the LSBD N₁ supplied to its input terminal B.

Three-input AND gates 83H1 to 83H15 receive the respective signals S_(83M1) to S_(83M15) and the respective signals S_(83N1) to S_(83N15), while the signal S₇₃ is commonly inputted in the three-input AND gates 83H1 to 83H15. All of output signals S_(83H1) to S_(83H15) from the respective three-input AND gates 83H1 to 83H15 are inputted in a 15-input OR gate 83G, which in turn outputs a third divisional exposure signal S₈₃.

FIG. 15C shows the divisional exposure signal S₈₃ in the case of N₁ =15. In this case, only S_(83N15) is at a "1" level within the output signals S_(83N1) to S_(83N15) of the decoder 83N, whereby the signal S_(83M15) corresponding thereto is outputted as the divisional exposure signal S₈₃ through the three-input AND gate 83H15 and the 15-input OR gate 83G. Since the signal S_(83M15) is maintained at a "1" level as shown in the figure, the divisional exposure signal S₈₃ is also maintained at a "1" level throughout an interval between t₃₀ and t₃₂.

Thus, the third signal generator 83 outputs the divisional exposure signal S₈₃ for controlling exposure of (N₁ +1)/16 of the elementary area A_(m) in response to the LSBD N₁ of the image data N in the third divided exposure condition C-2.

As described above, one of the divisional exposure signals S₈₁ to S₈₃ is brought to a "1" level in response to each of the divided exposure conditions C-1a, C-1b and C-2. Incidentally, the respective output terminals Y0 of the decoders 81N to 83N are open in order not to expose the elementary area A_(m) in the case of N₁ =0. When N₁ =0, all of the divisional exposure signals S₈₁ to S₈₃ attain "0" levels because the signals S_(81N1) to S_(81N15), the signals S_(82N1) to S_(82N15) and the signals S_(83N1) to S_(83N15) of the decoders 81N to 83N are all at "0" levels.

When none of the divisional exposure conditions is satisfied, on the other hand, the divisional exposure signals S₈₁ to S₈₃ are at "0" level since the signals S₇₁ to S₇₃ are at "0" level.

As described above, the four-input AND gate 91 shown in FIG. 11B receives the signals S₇₁ to S₇₃, which are inverted by the inverters 61 to 63 in advance, as well as the output signal S₅₁ of the flip-flop 51. Therefore, when none of the divisional exposure conditions is satisfied and the exposure condition of the equation (3) is satisfied, an exposure signal S which causes exposure of the entire elementary area is generated.

As described above, the image recording apparatus of this embodiment judges the exposure condition and the divisional exposure conditions for each elementary area and exposes the same in accordance with the conditions, to thereby form a halftone dot having the same gradation number as the image data N. Further, it is not required to increase the capacity of the screen pattern memory 30 etc. since no data are required other than the image data N and the screen pattern data P in order to generate the divisional exposure signal for controlling the divisional exposure.

The present invention is not restricted to the above embodiment. The following modifications can be attained, for example:

In the above embodiment, a portion of (N₁ +1)/16 of the unit area A₂₄₁ is exposed in response to the LSBD N₁ of the image data N in the case of the divisional exposure condition C-2, whereby the gradation number is increased. However, a similar effect can be attained, for example, by exposing a portion of N₁ /16 of the elementary area A₂₄₁ when N₁ is not more than 14 and exposing the entire elementary area A₂₄₁ when N₁ =15.

Alternatively, divisional exposure under the divisional exposure condition C-2 may be performed in the same way as the divisional exposure condition C-1 in the above embodiment, while the entire elementary area A₂₄₁ is exposed when the image data N is equal to 255.

The rate of the exposed portion in a divisional exposure area is determined in response to the LSBD N₁ of the image data N in the above embodiment. The LSBD N₁ can be also expressed in the following equation, by employing the equality in the equation (7) or (8):

    N.sub.1 =N-N.sub.u =N-P+1                                  (16)

The third term "+1" in the right hand side of the equation (16) appears because the screen pattern data P is formed so as to be suitable for judgement along the equations (7) and (8). In general, therefore, the equality in the equation (7) or (8) and the equation (16) are respectively provided as follows:

    P=N.sub.u +C.sub.O                                         (17)

    N.sub.1 =N-P+C.sub.O                                       (18)

In other words, the data N₁ for deciding the rate of the divisional exposure are obtained by adding a constant value C_(O) to a difference between the image data N and the screen pattern data P. When the equations (17) and (18) are employed, the equation (3) is replaced by the following equation (19):

    P-C.sub.O +1<N                                             (19)

Therefore, it can be said that, generally in divisional exposure, only a portion which is responsive to a difference between the image data N and the screen pattern data P of an elementary area is exposed.

The range of the image data N for which the equation (17) holds for a certain value of the screen pattern data P is provided as follows:

    P-C.sub.0 ≦N<P+C.sub.0 +ΔP                    (20)

where ΔP represents the number of gradation levels (ΔP=16 in the above embodiment) between two adjacent screen pattern data P. In other words, as to judgement of the divisional exposure condition for each elementary area, the elementary area can be assumed to be divisionally exposed when the image data N are in a certain range, which is expressed by the equation (20) for example, predetermined on the basis of the screen pattern data P.

In the above embodiment, the halftone dot HD is assumed to be formed of 4×4 elementary areas. However, the present invention is also applicable to a halftone dot which is divided into 5×5, 8×8, 16×16 or the like. When one halftone dot HD is formed of 5×5 elementary areas, for example, each elementary area can be further divided by 11 for performing the divisional exposure. In this case, a useable gradation number is 275 (=5×5×11). Accordingly, the image data N are converted to be expressed in 275 gradation levels. As can be seen from the above example, the number of elementary areas forming the halftone dot HD and the dividing number of each elementary area can be arbitrary selected. In this case, the rate of exposed portion in divisional exposure is not necessarily decided on the basis of the LSBD N_(l) of the image data N, but is determined in response to the difference between the image data N and the screen pattern data P, similarly to the above embodiment.

However, when the number of elementary areas forming the halftone dot HD and the dividing number of each elementary area are expressed as 2^(m) and 2^(n) (m, n are integers), respectively, as is the case with the above embodiment, processing with a binary signal is facilitated.

When a preceding elementary area along a scanning line is exposed, the portion of the divisional exposure is formed to contact the preceding elementary area in the above embodiment. However the portion may be formed to be closer to the center of the halftone dot. The "center of the halftone dot" denotes, in FIG. 1 or 3, a line along the subscanning (horizontal) direction located at the center of the main scanning (vertical) direction of the halftone dot HD, for example. Through the divisinal exposure, exposed portions of all elementary areas A₁ to A₂₄₁ are concentrated to the center of the halftone dot HD, which dot is therefore formed with an excellent configuration.

According to the present invention, as described above, the elementary area to be divisionally exposed is designated on the basis of the image data and the screen pattern data while the elementary area is partially exposed on the basis of the difference between those data. As a result, reproducibility of gradation levels of a recording image can be substantially increased to the same extent as the image signal without reducing the ratio of the diameter of the optical exposure beam to the screen pitch and without increasing the capacity of the screen pattern memory.

Although the present invention has been described and illustrated in detail, it is to be clearly understood that the same is by way of illustration and example only and is not to be taken by way of limitation, the spirit and scope of the present invention being limited only by the terms of the appended claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of producing a halftone image formed by a plurality of halftone dots on a photosensitive material in which each full region of one halftone dot is divided into a plurality of unit areas, the method comprising the steps of:(a) providing a respective image datum which defines a density for each unit area on an image plane, (b) providing a respective threshold datum for each unit area on said image plane, (c) carrying out a single comparison of said image datum against said threshold datum for each unit area on said image plane, and designating, on the basis of said comparison, each unit area as either a full-exposure area to be fully exposed, as a semi-exposure area to be partially exposed or as a non-exposed area not to be exposed, and (d) exposing unit areas on said photosensitive material corresponding to said full-exposure area and said semi-exposure area on said image plane to produce said halftone image, where a ratio of an exposed portion in said semi-exposure area to the entirety of one unit area is determined on the basis of a magnitude difference between said image datum and said threshold datum for said semi-exposure area.
 2. A method in accordance with claim 1, whereinsaid photosensitive material is exposed with a light beam which scans said halftone image at a prescribed speed, and a size of said exposed portion in said semi-exposure area is controlled by adjusting the duration of an exposure time in said semi-exposure area in proportion to said ratio.
 3. A method in accordance with claim 2, whereinsaid threshold datum has a value which is part of a set of threshold values assigned for respective unit areas included in said full region, where said threshold values are arranged in an arithmetic sequence of numbers having a prescribed numberical interval.
 4. A method in accordance with claim 3, whereineach of said image data and said threshold data is a digital data having a same number of bits.
 5. A method in accordance with claim 4, whereinsaid step (c) further comprises the steps of:(c-1) finding the larger of said image data and said threshold data and defining thereby said unit area as either said non-exposure area or as an exposure area to be exposed, (c-2) finding a value which substantially expresses said difference between said image data and said threshold data for each unit area, and (c-3) designating said exposure area as said full-exposure area when said difference is out of a prescribed range, or as said semi-exposure area when said difference is within said prescribed range.
 6. A method in accordance with claim 5, whereinsaid exposed portion of said semi-exposure area extends to a boundary between said semi-exposure area and a neighbor unit area neighboring said semi-exposure area, where said neighbor unit area corresponds to said exposure area.
 7. An apparatus for producing a halftone image formed of a plurality of halftone dots on a photosensitive material on the basis of image data expressing density for each unit area on an image plane, in which a full region of one halftone dot is divided into a plurality of unit areas, said apparatus comprising:(a) first means for storing a previously prepared, respective threshold datum for each unit area on said image plane, (b) second means for effecting a single comparison of said image data against said respective threshold datum for each unit area, and for generating thereby a designation signal designating each unit area as either a full-exposure area to be entirely exposed, as a semi-exposure area to be partially exposed or as a non-exposure area not to be exposed, (c) third means for generating a magnitude difference signal expressing a magnitude difference between said image data and said respective threshold datum for each unit area, (d) fourth means for generating an exposure signal defining an exposure time for each unit area, said exposure time being determined on the basis of said designation signal and said magnitude difference signal, and (e) fifth means for exposing said photosensitive material according to said exposure signal with a light beam which scans said halftone image at a prescribed speed.
 8. An apparatus in accordance with claim 7, whereinsaid threshold datum has a value which is part of a set of threshold values assigned for respective unit areas included in said full region of one halftone dot, where said threshold values are arranged into an arithmetic sequence of numbers having a prescribed numerically defined interval.
 9. An apparatus in accordance with claim 8, whereineach of said image data and said threshold data is a digital data having a same number of bits.
 10. An apparatus in accordance with claim 9, whereinsaid second means further comprises:(b-1) means for finding the larger of said image data and said threshold data and for producing thereby a first signal designating said unit area as said non-exposure area or as an exposure area to be exposed, (b-2) means for finding a value which substantially expresses said difference between said image data and said threshold data for each unit area, and thereby generating a second signal specifying whether or not said difference is within a prescribed range, (b-3) means for generating said designation signal on the basis of said first and second signals, where said designation signal designates said exposure area as said full-exposure area when said difference is outside said prescribed range, or as said semi-exposure area when said difference is within said prescribed range.
 11. An apparatus in accordance with claim 10, whereinsaid second means further comprises: (b-4) means for finding a neighbor unit area neighboring said semi-exposure area, said neighbor unit area corresponding to said exposure area, and thereby generating a third signal substantially specifying a boundary between said semi-exposure area and said neighbor unit area, and said generating means being effective to generate said designation signal further specifying the location of an exposed portion of said semi-exposure area so that said exposed portion extends to said boundary.
 12. A method for producing halftone dots of an image wherein each halftone dot is comprised of a plurality of unit areas, the method comprising:providing image data indicative of the density of the image at each unit area, the image data including a respective image datum at each unit area comprising a first and a second data portion, each said data portion having a corresponding value associated therewith; providing a respective threshold datum for each unit area; and carrying out a single comparison of said respective image datum to said threshold datum for each unit area and on the basis of said comparison proceeding by either:(a) exposing the entirety of said unit area; or (b) exposing none of said unit area; or (c) exposing only a portion of said unit area, wherein the degree of said partial exposure of said unit area is determined by reference to the value of said second data portion of said image data.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein said second data portion of said image data is generated by obtaining the magnitude difference between said image data and said threshold datum.
 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the exposing of said unit areas is carried out by means of a beam which is deployed for exposing a photosensitive material and wherein the exposure of said unit areas is carried out by controlling the time period during the exposure of each unit area at which said beam remains turned on.
 15. The method of claim 12, wherein said first image data portion is selected and set to have a predetermined relationship with said threshold data and wherein said comparison is carried out on the basis of the value of said first portion of said image data.
 16. The method of claim 12, wherein said image datum for each unit area is comprised of a plurality of bits including N_(u) more significant bits and N_(l) less significant bits, where N_(u) and N_(l) are positive integers; andwherein said threshold datum is comprised of N_(u) +N_(l) bits for each unit area, and further wherein said second image data portion is comprised of said N_(l) bits.
 17. The method of claim 16, wherein said step of providing threshold data includes the steps of:assigning different values to said more significant N_(u) bits in respective threshold data for said plurality of unit areas; and assigning same values to said less significant N_(l) bits in respective threshold data for said plurality of unit areas. 